PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of chronic non-communicable disease in the adult population. Periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontosis, periodontitis) are among the most common human diseases. Severe periodontal diseases affect over 1 billion people worldwide. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the relationship between periodontal pathology and other diseases has been actively studied, leading to the development of the concept of «periodontal medicine», which examines these relationships. Currently, periodontal pathology is associated with over 50 different systemic somatic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. We searched the Pubmed database for sources published before January 15, 2026, that examined the relationship between periodontal pathology and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and arterial hypertension (AH). The review focused on publications from the current decade.
The data presented in the review demonstrate a bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease. The presence of cardiovascular disease increases the risk of periodontal disease, which, in turn, is significantly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (various forms of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease) and hypertension, suggesting an increased cardiovascular risk in periodontal disease. This "theoretical" bidirectional relationship is confirmed by «practical» evidence (in this situation, the effect of treating one condition improves the course of the other).
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