DIET OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH PREDIABETES
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of the study – to evaluate the dietary pattern in young people with prediabetes.
Material and methods. In 2022-2023, a randomized study was conducted 105 young people (aged 30-44 years) with prediabetes (58.1 % (n = 61) women, 41.9 % (n = 44) men). The control group included 70 healthy subjects (61.4 % (n = 43) women, 38.6 % (n = 27) men) aged 30-44 years, without prediabetes and components of metabolic syndrome, with normal body weight. The presence of bad habits, lifestyle features, motor activity and diet was assessed according to a specially developed questionnaire.
Results. In young people with prediabetes, in comparison with the control group, disorders of clinical and metabolic status were established (abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, systemic inflammation, arterial hypertension). The dietary intake of individuals with prediabetes was represented by carbohydrates with a high glycemic index or foods high in saturated fat (p < 0.01) and less protein (p = 0.008). At the same time, a general tendency towards a decrease in the consumption of fish and seafood, milk and fermented milk products, and dietary fiber was noted in the diet of young people.
Conclusion. Early diagnosis and preventive measures based on lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments play an important role in managing early carbohydrate metabolism disorders and preventing both its progression and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords
Author Biographies
Наталья Васильевна Тапешкина,
Natalya V. Tapeshkina
doctor of medical sciences, docent, leading researcher at the laboratory of human ecology and environmental hygiene; professor of the department of hygiene, epidemiology and healthy lifestyle
Наталья Сергеевна Алексеева,
doctor of medical sciences, associate professor, head of the department of general medical practice and outpatient therapyСергей Николаевич Филимонов,
doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the department of human ecology, public health and healthcareArticle Details
Information about financing and conflict of interests
The authors declare that they have no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
How to Cite
References
Korolev AA, Lopukhova IV, Nikitenko EI, Kirpichenkova EV, Denisova EL, Onishchenko GG. Hygienic assessment of dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2022; 101(10): 1223-1227. Russian (Королев А.А., Лопухова И.В., Никитенко Е.И., Кирпиченкова Е.В., Денисова Е.Л., Онищенко Г.Г. Гигиеническая оценка поступления с рационом длинноцепочечных омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот //Гигиена и санитария. 2022. Т. 101, № 10. С. 1223-1227. doi: 10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-10-1223-1227
Nutritionology and clinical dietetics: national guidelines / ed. Tutelyan VA, Nikityuk DB, M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2021. 1008 p. Russian (Нутрициология и клиническая диетология: национальное руководство. /под ред. Тутельян В.А., Никитюк Д.Б. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2021. 1008 с.)
Alekseeva NS. Eating disorders in young people with prediabetes. Medicine in Kuzbass. 2022; 21(3): 48-53. Russian (Алексеева Н.С. Нарушение пищевого поведения у молодых людей с предиабетом //Медицина в Кузбассе. 2022. Т. 21, № 3. С. 48-53.) doi: 10.24412/2687-0053-2022-3-48-53
Demkina AE, Boytsov SA. Do fats or carbohydrates shorten our lives? What does the pure study reveal? Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018; (6): 202-206. Russian (Демкина А.Е., Бойцов С.А. Жиры или углеводы укорачивают наши жизни? Что говорит исследование PURE? //Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018. № 6. С. 202-206.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-202-206
Popova AYu, Tutelyan VA, Nikityuk DB. About new (2021) Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation. Nutrition issues. 2021; 90(4): 6-19. Russian (Попова А.Ю., Тутельян В.А., Никитюк Д.Б. О новых (2021) Нормах физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации //Вопросы питания. 2021. Т. 90, № 4. С. 6-19.) doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-4-6-19
Grasgruber P, Sebera M, Hrazdira E, Hrebickova S, Cacek J. Food consumption and the actual statistics of cardiovascular diseases: an epidemiological comparison of 42 European countries. Food Nutr Res. 2016; 60: 31694. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.31694
Mente A, Dehghan M, Rangarajan S, McQueen M, Dagenais G, Wielgosz A, et al. Association of dietary nutrients with blood lipids and blood pressure in 18 countries: a cross-sectional analysis from the PURE study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017; 5(10): 774-787. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30283-8
Algorithms for specialized medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus /ed. Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu. 11th issue. M., 2023. 236 p. Russian (Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом /под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова. 11-й выпуск. М., 2023. 236 с.) doi: 10.14341/DM13042
Disorders of lipid metabolism. Clinical Guidelines 2023. The Russian Society of Cardiology. 2023; 28(5): 5471. Russian (Нарушения липидного обмена. Клинические рекомендации 2023 //Российский кардиологический журнал. 2023. Т. 28, № 5. С. 5471.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5471
Biryukova EV, Shinkin MV, Starshinova AA. Prediabetes is a pressing medical and social problem of our time. Effective pharmacotherapy. 2023; 19(12): 42-50. Russian (Бирюкова Е.В., Шинкин М.В., Старшинова А.А. Предиабет – актуальная медико-социальная проблема современности //Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2023. Т. 19, № 12. С. 42-50.) doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-12-42-50
Demidova TYu, Kishkovich YuS. Prediabetes: the current state of the problem and the adjustment possibility. RMJ. Medical Review. 2019: 10(II): 60-67. Russian (Демидова Т.Ю., Кишкович Ю.С. Предиабет: современное состояние проблемы и возможности коррекции //РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2019. № 10(II). С. 60-67)
Demidova TYu, Plakhotnyaya VM. Prediabetes: a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and a «window of opportunity» for their prevention. FOCUS Endocrinology. 2023; 4(2): 6-11. Russian (Демидова Т.Ю., Плахотная В.М. Предиабет: фактор риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и «окно возможностей» для их профилактики. FOCUS Эндокринология. 2023. Т. 4, № 2. С. 6-11.) doi: 10.15829/2713-0177-2023- 24
Zabelina VD. Prediabetes: is diabetes inevitable? Consilium Medicum. 2018; 1: 46-53. Russian (Забелина В.Д. Предиабет: неотвратим ли переход в сахарный диабет? //Consilium Medicum. 2018. № 1. С. 46-53)
Isakova DN, Petrov IM, Evgenyeva EA, Troshina IA, Platitsyna NG. Assessment of eating behavior in patients with metabolic disorders. Human. Sport. Medicine. 2023; 23(2): 91-98. Russian (Исакова Д.Н., Петров И.М., Евгеньева Е.А., Трошина И.А., Платицына Н.Г. Оценка расстройств пищевого поведения у пациентов с метаболическими нарушениями //Человек. Спорт. Медицина. 2023. Т. 23, № 2. С. 91-98.) doi: 10.14529/hsm230211
Mychka VB, Zhernakova YuV, Chazova IYe. Recommendations of experts of Russian Scientific Society of Cardiologists on diagnosis and treatment of metabolic syndrome (2nd revision). Doctor.ru. 2010; 3(54): 15-18. Russian (Мычка В.Б., Жернакова Ю.В., Чазова И.Е. Рекомендации экспертов Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов по диагностике и лечению метаболического синдрома (второй пересмотр) //Доктор.ру. 2010. № 3(54). С. 15-18)
Hostalek U. Global epidemiology of prediabetes – present and future perspectives. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019; 5: 5. doi: 10.1186/s40842-019-0080-0
Tutel’yan VA. Features of nutrition and nutritional status of young people. In: Healthy Nutrition – Healthy Youth. M.: Nauchnaya kniga, 2022. P. 8-24. Russian (Тутельян В.А. Особенности питания и пищевого статуса лиц молодого возраста. В кн.: Здоровое питание – здоровая молодежь. М.: Научная книга, 2022. С. 8-24)
Pogozheva AV, Smirnova EA. Educational programs for the population in the field of the healthy nutrition is the basis for the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2020; 99(12): 1426-1430. Russian (Погожева А.В., Смирнова Е.А. Роль образовательных программ в области здорового питания как основы профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний (обзор литературы) //Гигиена и санитария. 2020. Т. 99, № 12. С. 1426-1430.) doi: 10.47470/0016-9900-2020-9
Tsygankova D.P., Krivoshapova K.Е., Barbarash O.L. Nutrition as the risk factor for cardiovascular pathology from epidemiological perspective. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2018; 17(2): 88-94. Russian (Цыганкова Д.П., Кривошапова К.Е., Барбараш О.Л. Питание как фактор риска кардиоваскулярной патологии в аспекте эпидемиологических исследований //Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2018, Т. 17, № 2. С. 88-94.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800- 2018-2-88-94