FEATURES OF THE CONDITION OF NEWBORNS AND THE FETOPLACENTAL SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AND PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY
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Abstract
With gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetic fetopathy is more often formed. However, in some patients placental insufficiency develops, resulting in fetal growth restriction. The mechanism of its occurrence in women with gestational disorders of carbohydrate metabolism is not fully known and requires further study.
The aim of the research – to determine the characteristics of the condition of newborns and the fetoplacental system in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus on diet therapy and placental insufficiency.
Materials and methods. A long-term comparative cohort study was conducted, which included 120 newborns from patients in the second-third trimester of pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus on diet therapy. The main group consisted of 70 women whose pregnancy was complicated by sub- and decompensated forms of placental insufficiency. The comparison group included 50 pregnant women without pathology of the fetoplacental complex. In the main group, 61 placentas were studied, in the comparison group, 44 placentas. The null hypothesis was rejected at p < 0.05.
Results. Children of patients from the main group more often required respiratory support and further nursing at the second stage of perinatal care. A macroscopic examination of placentas revealed that in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus without insulin requirement in combination with placental insufficiency, the weight of the placenta is significantly lower, infarctions of the maternal and fetal surfaces of the placenta are more often observed, relative to the comparison group. In the main group, delayed maturation of the villous chorion and vascular malperfusion predominated.
Conclusion. Studying predictors of the formation of pathology of the fetoplacental complex in women with gestational diabetes mellitus will make it possible to predict this pathology and reduce the proportion of perinatal complications.
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References
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